Top Read Articles

Published in last 1 year|

In last 2 years|

In last 3 years|

All

Please wait a minute...


For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (1): 3-22. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250103-00002 Abstract（ 1080） HTML（ 40） PDF（pc）（2876KB）（ 790） Knowledge map Save Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

A predictive model for immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer constructed based on CT image-weighted radiomics score Liu Haiyan, Zhang Chao Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (4): 202-208. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240618-00034 Abstract（ 426） HTML（ 11） PDF（pc）（1310KB）（ 83） Knowledge map Save ObjectiveTo construct a predictive model for the efficacy of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） based on CT image-weighted radiomics score.MethodsA total of 185 patients with NSCLC who received immunotherapy in Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the study objects. All patients underwent 3 consecutive cycles of nivolumab （240 mg） treatment，and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. The patients were divided into treatment-effective group and treatment-ineffective group based on therapeutic outcomes. Based on pre-treatment arterial phase CT images，all volume regions of interest were resampled using PyRadiomics tool，and image preprocessing was performed （including methods such as Wavelet transform and Laplacian filtering）. The multi-focal imaging radiomics features of the two groups of patients were extracted，and standardized processing of the extracted features was carried out on the Dr. Wise research platform. At the same time，a CT image-weighted radiomics score model was constructed using an attention-based multi-instance learning （a-MIL） algorithm，the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression，and logistic regression，and the CT image-weighted radiomics score of each patient was calculated. The nomogram was plotted using R software （version R4.3.3） and the rms package. The concordance index （C-index） was used to evaluate the concordance of the model. Receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram model in predicting immunotherapy efficacy in NSCLC. The calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency of the predicted probabilities with the actual outcomes，while the decision curve was used to evaluate net benefit of the model across different thresholds.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in sex （χ²=3.86，P=0.049），pathological type （χ²=8.41，P=0.015），smoking history （χ²=5.70，P=0.017），and pre-treatment pulmonary metastasis （χ²=5.88，P=0.015） between the treatment-effective group （n=66） and treatment-ineffective group （n=119）. The original multi-focal radiomics features were weighted and summated by a-MIL algorithm at case level，and a total of 342 imaging radiomics features were extracted，162 features among which had good consistency （intra-class correlation coefficient >0.80）. After variance analysis，134 features were eliminated，28 features remained. After dimensionality reduction by LASSO regression，7 imaging radiomics features were obtained. They were GLCMEnergy_angle45_offset，ShortRunEmphasis_angle90_offset1，maximum gray value，Spiculation，GLCMEnergy_angle45_offset7，Sphericity，and Vessel. Based on the above imaging radiomics features，the weighted radiomics score model was constructed as follows：Radscore=0.624+0.022×GLCMEnergy_angle45_offset-0.227×ShortRunEmphasis_angle90_offset1+0.395×maximum gray value-8.687×Spiculation+0.384×GLCMEnergy_angle45_offset7-0.012×Sphericity-0.284×Vessel. The CT image-weighted radiomics score in the treatment-effective group （0.75±0.10） was significantly higher than that in the treatment-ineffective group （0.43±0.14），with a statistically significant difference （t=18.00，P<0.001）. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of CT image-weighted radiomics score for predicting immunotherapy efficacy of NSCLC was 0.96 （95%CI：0.92-0.98），and the optimal cutoff value was 0.62. Multivariate analysis showed CT image-weighted radiomics score ≥0.62 （OR=14.77，95%CI：3.25-22.35，P<0.001），pathological type （squamous cell carcinoma） （OR=1.74，95%CI：1.35-3.52，P=0.035），smoking history （OR=4.01，95%CI：1.05-15.30，P=0.042），and pre-treatment pulmonary metastasis （OR=1.20，95%CI：1.01-1.38，P=0.010） were all independent predictors of immunotherapy effectiveness in NSCLC. Based on the above 4 variables，a nomogram model was constructed to predict the immunotherapy efficacy of NSCLC，and the model validation results showed that the C-index was 0.96 （95%CI：0.93-0.99）. Calibration curve analysis showed good consistency of the predicted probabilities with the actual probabilities，closely aligning with the ideal curve. ROC curve analysis showed that AUC was 0.97 （95%CI：0.94-0.99）. Decision curve analysis showed that the model had a net benefit within the prediction range of 2% to 100%.ConclusionThe nomogram model based on CT image-weighted radiomics score is effective in predicting immunotherapy efficacy of NSCLC patients. Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Analysis of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in China from 1992 to 2021 based on the age-period-cohort model Hu Jiabao, Hua Sha, Chen Wei, Ma Lina Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (4): 217-223. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20241030-00036 Abstract（ 423） HTML（ 6） PDF（pc）（2171KB）（ 27） Knowledge map Save ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in China from 1992 to 2021，and to explore the effects of age，period，and cohort on pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality.MethodsData from the Global Burden of Disease Study （GBD） 2021 database were used to analyze the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in China from 1992 to 2021. The Joinpoint software was applied to analyze the time trends of standardized incidence and mortality rates，and to calculate the average annual percentage change. An age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the effects of age，period，and birth cohort on the trends of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality. The disease burden of pancreatic cancer deaths attributed to risk factors such as hyperglycemia and smoking was analyzed.ResultsIn 2021，the incidence of pancreatic cancer in China was 8.34/100 000，and the mortality rate was 8.41/100 000，representing increases of 150.45% and 145.19%，respectively，compared to 1992 （3.33/100 000 and 3.43/100 000）. By sex，the incidence （9.93/100 000） and mortality （9.91/100 000） rates in males in 2021 were higher than those in females （6.68/100 000 and 6.83/100 000）. From 1992 to 2021，the standardized incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer in China showed upward trends，with average annual increases of 0.80% and 0.62%，respectively，both of which were statistically significant （bothP<0.001）. Age effect results indicated a general increasing trend in pancreatic cancer incidence，with a steady rise in the 15-49 age group，a sharp increase after the age of 50，and a peak in the over 85 age group at 68.64/100 000. The mortality rate showed a slow increase in the 15-79 age group，with a marked rise and peak in the 80-84 age group at 196.51/100 000. Period effect results showed an overall upward trend in the period relative risk （RR） for pancreatic cancer incidence，with the highest risk in 2017-2021 （RR=1.09，95%CI：1.05-1.13，P=0.012），compared to the reference period 2002-2006 （RR=1）. TheRRfor pancreatic cancer mortality showed a fluctuating trend，with the highest risk in 2012-2016 （RR=1.60，95%CI：1.07-2.38，P=0.021），compared to the reference period 2002-2006 （RR=1）. The results of cohort effect showed that the incidence and mortality risk of pancreatic cancer in China generally increased with the increase of years. With the 1952-1956 birth cohort as the reference cohort （RR=1），the incidence （RR=1.18，95%CI：0.99-1.40，P=0.032） and mortality （RR=1.63，95%CI：0.12-11.53，P=0.042） risk of pancreatic cancer were the highest in the 1987-1991 birth cohort, and showed decreasing trends after the 1992-1996 birth cohort. The proportion of pancreatic cancer deaths attributable to high blood glucose showed an increasing trend，while those attributable to smoking showed a decreasing trend.ConclusionsFrom 1992 to 2021，the standardized incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer in China have continued to rise，with males having higher incidence and mortality rates than females. Age，period，and cohort all significantly influence the trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality. The trend in pancreatic cancer deaths attributable to high blood glucose is increasing. Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (8): 470-483. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250312-00082 Abstract（ 339） HTML（ 13） PDF（pc）（1051KB）（ 156） Knowledge map Save Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Research progress of copper death in tumor Li Zhiyuan, Jia Xiuhong Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (3): 163-168. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240727-00025 Abstract（ 316） HTML（ 5） PDF（pc）（787KB）（ 32） Knowledge map Save Copper death is a newly discovered copper-dependent cell death mode that causes protein-toxic stress and triggers cell death by affecting mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycling and iron-sulfur tuftin loss. In recent years，with the in-depth study of the mechanism of copper death，it has been found that the genes related to copper death may be related to the clinical characteristics and prognosis of tumors，which can be used as potential biological targets for the diagnosis or treatment of tumors. At the same time，drugs targeting copper ions such as copper ionophores，copper chelators and copper containing complexes are widely studied. Further study on the mechanism of copper death in the development of tumor can provide new ideas for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related anorexia Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology-Supportive Care and Rehabilitation Committee, Chinese Expert Consensus Working Group on Cancer-related Anorexia Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (2): 67-78. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20241223-00011 Abstract（ 283） HTML（ 14） PDF（pc）（1970KB）（ 514） Knowledge map Save Cancer-related anorexia refers to the loss or reduction of appetite caused by cancer itself and/or anticancer treatments. This condition encompasses a spectrum of symptoms， including anorexia， nausea， gustatory alteration， early satiety or dysphagia，etc. Cancer-related anorexia not only affects the nutritional status of patients， but is also closely associated with severe adverse outcomes， such as reduced survival， decreased compliance with anti-tumor treatment， increased treatment-related side effects， and diminished quality of life. Despite its widespread prevalence among patients and the urgency of its prevention and treatment， the understanding and management of both doctors and patients need to be further deepened and improved. Recognizing these challenges， Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology-Supportive Care and Rehabilitation Committee convened a panel of experts across relevant fields in China to summarize the screening and diagnosis criteria of cancer-related anorexia based on the current status of clinical practice and the existing research evidence， and to systematically propose a comprehensive management strategy. This consensus will become an important reference for clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related anorexia， which can better standardize the diagnosis and treatment measures for cancer-related anorexia， achieve active screening， early intervention and standardized treatment， so as to benefit more patients. Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Research progress in targeted and immunotherapy for esophageal cancer Huang Zhen, Yan Fei, Ma Yanling, Sun Jianhai Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (1): 53-59. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240805-00008 Abstract（ 218） HTML（ 18） PDF（pc）（796KB）（ 109） Knowledge map Save The early diagnosis rate of esophageal cancer is low， and most of the patients are already in the middle or late stage when diagnosed， making treatment difficult， shortening the survival period and resulting in an extremely poor prognosis. In recent years， the continuous development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has significantly improved the survival rate and therapeutic effect of esophageal cancer patients. Analyzing the research progress of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for esophageal cancer is of great significance and can provide reference for guiding the treatment of esophageal cancer. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Effects of RRM2 on malignant biological behavior and aerobic glycolysis of gastric cancer cells by regulating CDK1 Tan Rongjian, Ou Wenting, Zhai Jiawei, Quan Zhenhao, Sun Lijun, Zhou Caijin Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (1): 23-30. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240607-00003 Abstract（ 200） HTML（ 26） PDF（pc）（2249KB）（ 175） Knowledge map Save ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 （RRM2） on the malignant biological behavior and aerobic glycolysis of gastric cancer cells by regulating cyclin-dependent kinase （CDK） 1.MethodsHuman gastric cancer MKN-45 cells were divided into si-NC group （transfected with blank fragment）， CoCl2+si-NC group （hypoxia control transfected with blank fragment）， CoCl2+si-RRM2 group （hypoxia with RRM2 silencing）， CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group （hypoxia with RRM2 silencing and blank vector） and CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group （hypoxia with RRM2 silencing and CDK1 overexpression）. The mRNA relative expression levels of RRM2 and CDK1 were analyzed by real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Co-immunoprecipitation （CoIP） was used to analyze the interaction between RRM2 and CDK1 protein. MTT assay was used to analyze the proliferation activity of cells. The cell migration distance was detected by cell scratch assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Adenosine triphosphate （ATP） and glucose kit were used to detect ATP production and glucose consumption. The protein expressions of ENO1， RRM2， HK2， PKM2， GLUT1 and p-CDK1/CDK1 were detected by Western blotting.ResultsReal time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of CDK1 mRNA in si-NC group， CoCl2+si-NC group and CoCl2+si-RRM2 group were 1.01±0.15， 1.30±0.06 and 0.51±0.18， and the relative expression levels of RRM2 mRNA were 1.03±0.32， 1.59±0.28 and 0.44±0.17， respectively， and there were statistically significant differences （F=25.52，P=0.001；F=14.47，P=0.005）. The mRNA expressions of RRM2 and CDK1 in CoCl2+si-NC group were higher than those in si-NC group. Compared with the si-NC group and the CoCl2+si-NC group， the mRNA expressions of RRM2 and CDK1 were lower in the CoCl2+si-RRM2 group （allP<0.05）. CoIP results showed that there was interaction between RRM2 and CDK1. MTT assay， cell scratch assay and flow cytometry showed that the cell proliferation activity of si-NC group， CoCl2+si-NC group， CoCl2+si-RRM2 group， CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group and CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were 1.04±0.01， 1.18±0.04， 0.84±0.03， 0.81±0.03 and 0.93±0.05， respectively. The cell migration distances were （301.83±2.75）， （369.67±0.76）， （176.50±6.38）， （175.83±3.69）， （254.17±1.61） μm， respectively. The apoptosis rates were 8.05%±0.21%， 5.75%± 0.20%， 28.28%±0.04%， 30.18%±1.51% and 17.79%±0.22%， respectively， all with statistically significant differences （F=73.82，P<0.001；F=1 600.01，P<0.001；F=787.15，P<0.001）. Compared with the si-NC group and CoCl2+si-NC group， the proliferation and migration ability of cells in the CoCl2+si-RRM2 group， CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group and CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were weaker， and the apoptosis rates were higher （allP<0.05）. Compared with the CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group， the proliferation and migration ability of cells in the CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were stronger， and the apoptosis rate was lower （allP<0.05）. The results of ATP and glucose detection showed that there were statistically significant differences in the amount of ATP production and glucose consumption among the above five groups （F=12.53，P<0.001；F=19.21，P<0.001）. Compared with the si-NC group， the glucose consumption of cells was lower in the CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group （P<0.05）. Compared with the CoCl2+si-NC group， the ATP production and glucose consumption of cells in the CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were lower （bothP<0.05）. Compared with the CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group， the ATP production and glucose consumption of the CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were higher （bothP<0.05）. Western blotting showed that there were statistically significant differences in the protein expressions of ENO1， RRM2， HK2， PKM2， GLUT1， and p-CDK1/CDK1 among the above five groups （allP<0.001）. Compared with the si-NC group and the CoCl2+si-NC group， the protein expressions of ENO1， RRM2， HK2， PKM2， GLUT1 and p-CDK1/CDK1 in the CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were lower （allP<0.05）. Compared with the CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 NC group， the protein expressions of ENO1， RRM2， PKM2， GLUT1 and p-CDK1/CDK1 in the CoCl2+si-RRM2+pcDNA3.1 CDK1 group were higher （allP<0.05）.ConclusionsSilencing RRM2 can inhibit the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer cells and the occurrence of aerobic glycolysis by regulating CDK1. Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Impacts of radiotherapy on anti-tumor immunity：a comprehensive review from the fundamental to the clinical Wen Yingmei, Xia Jinxiong, Wang Yuanyuan, Yao Yi Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (4): 231-236. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240727-00038 Abstract（ 186） HTML（ 6） PDF（pc）（836KB）（ 51） Knowledge map Save Radiotherapy is a crucial component of the treatment of tumors. In addition to directly causing DNA damage in tumor cells and inducing cell apoptosis，radiotherapy is also involved in the regulation of systemic immune status. Increasing evidence indicates that radiotherapy can remodel the tumor immune microenvironment （TIME） and reverse the immunosuppressive state，thereby enhancing anti-tumor effects and demonstrating stronger immune responses and therapeutic benefits when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Taking lung cancer as an example to explore the impacts and potential mechanisms of radiotherapy on the TIME and anti-tumor immunity，which can provide a scientific basis for optimizing the treatment strategies of lung cancer. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Research progress in treatment strategies and prognostic factors for stage pT2-3N0M0thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Yu Yang, Tang Shimin, Yang Lu, Li Na Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (1): 43-47. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240528-00006 Abstract（ 182） HTML（ 8） PDF（pc）（778KB）（ 77） Knowledge map Save Although patients with stage pT2-3N0M0thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are staged earlier， their postoperative local recurrence and distant metastasis rates are higher， resulting in a low five-year survival rate of such patients. The current neoadjuvant treatment for such patients is still in the research stage， and whether to give adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy after surgery is still controversial. In addition， the prognostic factors of patients with pT2-3N0M0thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma have not yet been clarified， and the causes of recurrence and metastasis are not yet clear. Therefore， it is of great significance to clarify treatment strategies and explore the impact of prognostic factors on improving the survival rate of such patients， which is expected to provide new directions for improving the prognosis and survival rate of patients with pT2-3N0M0thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Mechanism of Breg cell in tumor immune escape and related therapeutic targets Wang Xibo, Tian Baowen, Chen Shiqiao Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (2): 107-112. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240522-00016 Abstract（ 180） HTML（ 6） PDF（pc）（838KB）（ 63） Knowledge map Save Tumor cells can escape the surveillance and attack of the immune system， namely immune escape. In recent years， regulatory B （Breg） cell have attracted much attention in researches about tumor immunity. Breg cell plays an important role in tumor immune escape by secreted various cytokines. Mechanistic progress has been made in this field， which provides more targets and ideas for tumor clinical treatment. However， the phenotypic classification of Breg cells and its complex mechanism in tumor immunity still need to be systematically analyzed. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Clinical efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy for HER2-negative locally advanced or advanced gastric cancer Liu Qianyi, Dong Hongmin, Wang Wenling, Wang Gang, Chen Wanghua Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (4): 209-216. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240820-00035 Abstract（ 179） HTML（ 12） PDF（pc）（916KB）（ 100） Knowledge map Save ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy and safety of a multimodal treatment regimen integrating radiotherapy，chemotherapy，and immunotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2）-negative locally advanced or advanced gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 34 patients with unresectable，HER2-negative，locally advanced or metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction （G/GEJ） adenocarcinoma admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from September 2021 to March 2024 were selected as study objects. Participants received one cycle of either XELOX regimen （capecitabine + oxaliplatin） or SOX regimen （S-1 + oxaliplatin） with immunotherapy （sintilimab or nivolumab）. The process was succeeded by radiotherapy targeted at the primary G/GEJ tumor and regional lymph nodes. In selected cases，sequential radiotherapy was also administered for distant metastases. The primary endpoint wasObjectiveresponse rate （ORR），and secondary endpoints were disease control rate （DCR），clinical symptom response，changes in Karnofsky performance status （KPS） score，progression-free survival （PFS），and adverse reactions. Clinical efficacy was assessed in accordance with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Adverse reactions were assessed and graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 and the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines for management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related toxicity. With a median follow-up of 7 months （range：2.3 to 30 months），the final evaluation considered the best response documented throughout follow-up. Survival curves were constructed utilizing Kaplan-Meier analysis.ResultsBy the end of follow-up，an overall ORR of 58.8% （20/34） and DCR of 70.6% （24/34） were observed. The ORR of lesions by radiotherapy reached 73.8% （48/65） and the DCR reached 92.3% （60/65）. Univariate analysis showed that the ORR of female patients （84.6%，11/13） was higher than that of male patients （42.9%，9/21），and the ORR of patients with distant lymph node metastasis alone （83.3%，15/18） was higher than that of patients with distant lymph node metastasis combined with organ metastasis or organ metastasis alone （18.2%，2/11），with statistically significant differences （P=0.030；P=0.010）. There were no statistically significant differences in ORR among patients with different age （P=0.487），KPS score （P=0.198），primary tumor location （P=0.280），histological differentiation （P=0.668），chemotherapy regimen （P=0.728），or immunotherapy regimen （P>0.999）. Twenty-two of 23 （95.7%） patients with upper abdominal pain were relieved，10 of 21 （47.6%） patients with appetite loss were relieved，15 of 17 patients with upper abdominal distension were relieved，13 of 14 patients with melena were relieved，6 of 7 patients with eating obstruction were relieved，3 of 4 patients with metastatic site pain were relieved，and 2 patients with hematemesis were relieved. KPS score enhanced in 82.4% （28/34） of patients，remained stable in 11.8% （4/34），and declined in 5.8% （2/34）. The median PFS of the 34 patients was 7.9 months. The most common adverse reactions during radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy were hematological adverse reactions，in which neutropenia accounted for the highest proportion （91.2%，31/34），followed by anemia （50.0%，17/34）. Fatigue was the most common non-hematological adverse reaction （50.0%，17/34），followed by nausea and vomiting （26.5%，9/34）. The adverse reactions of 6 patients receiving immune monotherapy maintenance were anemia，hypothyroidism，transaminase elevation，proteinuria，fatigue，and rash，all of which were grade 1-2.ConclusionsRadiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy shows good short-term clinical efficacy in patients with HER2-negative locally advanced or advanced gastric cancer，and the overall adverse reactions are tolerable. Female or patients with distant lymph node metastasis alone may be the preferred population for this study protocol. Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Research updates of RET proto-oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer Tang Lei, Cai Zongyou, Chang Jianhua Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (4): 237-241. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20241115-00039 Abstract（ 175） HTML（ 6） PDF（pc）（820KB）（ 33） Knowledge map Save The RET protein encoded by RET proto-oncogene is a receptor tyrosine kinase that serves as a potential therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. In NSCLC，the incidence of RET fusions variants ranges from 1%-2% and is more common in younger，non-smoking patients. Traditional chemotherapy，immunotherapy，and multitarget kinase inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in treating RET fusion-positive NSCLC patients. However，selective RET inhibitors，such as selpercatinib and pralsetinib，have significantly improved the prognosis of those patients. The treatment strategy following resistance to selective RET inhibitors is a future research direction. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Feasibility study of using dual-energy CT virtual non-contrast images to replace true non-contrast images in photon and proton radiotherapy dose calculations Liu Qi, Qu Guobin, Zhu Jian, Wu Fan Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (7): 401-408. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250123-00070 Abstract（ 172） HTML（ 23） PDF（pc）（3765KB）（ 45） Knowledge map Save ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the differences in CT values between virtual non-contrast （VNC） images and true non-contrast （TNC） images generated from dual-energy CT （DECT），and to validate the feasibility of VNC images replacing TNC images in dose calculations for photon and proton radiotherapy plans.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging data of 40 patients with solid tumors （20 cranial，10 thoracic and 10 abdominal cases） who underwent DECT scans at Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from February 2022 to May 2023. VNC and TNC images were registered slice-by-slice. The differences in CT values of anatomical structures were compared，and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of CT values of different anatomical structures in VNC and TNC images. For structures with significant differences，linear regression models （TNC=β×VNC+α） were established using the least squares method. In the Varian Eclipse 15.5 treatment planning system，photon and proton radiotherapy plans based on TNC images and VNC images，as well as the proton radiotherapy plan based on the VNC images corrected by the regression models，were respectively designed. Dose differences of radiotherapy plans designed based on the two images were evaluated. To evaluate dose variations in regions adjacent to the clinical target volume （CTV），two 2-mm-thick annular reference structures were generated on the axial slice containing the largest cross-section of the CTV，extending cranially and caudally from the CTV. These structures were designated as Ring_p and Ring_d，respectively.ResultsThe differences in CT values between VNC and TNC images were mainly concentrated in the bony structure. The CT values difference between TNC and VNC images was （409.07±53.38） HU for the skull in 20 cranial tumor patients （t=13.88，P<0.001），and （118.66±20.90） HU for the vertebral bone in 10 thoracic and 10 abdominal tumor patients （t=10.43，P<0.001）. The CT values of the skull and spine showed high correlation between TNC and VNC images （r=0.98，P<0.001；r=0.99，P<0.001）. The regression models established respectively were： TNC=1.859×VNC+33.896 （skull），and TNC=1.827×VNC+5.491 （spine）. For photon radiotherapy plans based on TNC and VNC images，the Dmeanof the CTV were （60.00±0.00） and （60.00±0.00） Gy respectively，with Dmeanof Ring_p were （61.17±1.69） and （61.01±1.67） Gy，and Ring_d were （55.26±2.06） and （55.20±1.94） Gy，respectively. The relative dose differences in Dmeanbetween the two image types were 0 （t<0.01，P>0.999），0.33% （t=0.30，P=0.766），and 0.19% （t=0.07，P=0.947），all with no statistically significant differences. For proton radiotherapy plans based on TNC and VNC images，the Dmeanof the CTV were （61.73±0.32） and （61.67±0.26） Gy（RBE），respectively，with Dmeanof Ring_p were （61.19±0.44） and （60.53±1.22） Gy（RBE），and Ring_d were （60.97±0.67） and （59.80±4.26） Gy（RBE），respectively. The relative dose differences in Dmeanbetween the two image types were 0.24% （t=0.63，P=0.530），1.80% （t=1.45，P=0.156），and 3.56% （t=2.26，P=0.030），with a statistically significant difference in the Ring_d region. In the proton radiotherapy plan designed based on the corrected VNC images，the Dmeanof the CTV was （61.75±0.32） Gy（RBE），Ring_p was （61.43±0.71） Gy（RBE），and Ring_d was （59.96±2.80） Gy（RBE）. The relative dose differences in Dmeanbetween TNC images and corrected VNC images were 0.16% （t=0.19，P=0.850），0.76% （t=1.32，P=0.196），and 2.22% （t=1.93，P=0.061），respectively，with no statistically significant differences.ConclusionsThe differences in CT values between VNC and TNC images in DECT mainly exist in bony structures，particularly in the skull and vertebrae. For patients with cranial tumors，VNC images can be directly used in photon radiotherapy planning. In contrast，for proton therapy，after being corrected by the regression model，VNC images can effectively replace TNC images for the dose calculations of radiotherapy plan. Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Research progress of proton therapy for esophageal cancer Fu Chengrui, Li Baosheng, Huang Wei Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (1): 48-52. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240805-00007 Abstract（ 170） HTML（ 12） PDF（pc）（745KB）（ 78） Knowledge map Save Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer worldwide. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Compared with photon radiotherapy， proton radiotherapy significantly reduces normal organ dose due to its unique biophysical properties， which makes this modality potential ideal for esophageal cancer treatment. Proton radiotherapy plays an important role in radical radiotherapy， neoadjuvant radiotherapy and re-radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. The efficacy is equivalent to or better than that of photon radiotherapy， and proton radiotherapy is superior than photon radiotherapy in security. The combination of proton radiotherapy and immunotherapy， the increase of radiotherapy dose， and large-scale randomized controlled studies based on intensity-modulated proton radiotherapy technology will be hot topics for further research. Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (8): 465-469. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20250722-00081 Abstract（ 166） HTML（ 7） PDF（pc）（12178KB）（ 104） Knowledge map Save Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Effects of ALKBH5 on the malignant biological behavior of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the related mechanism Ma Peihan, Zhang Lingmin, Li Qian, Lu Ning, Wen Hua, Zhang Mingxin Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (2): 79-88. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240607-00012 Abstract（ 165） HTML（ 18） PDF（pc）（3611KB）（ 220） Knowledge map Save ObjectiveTo investigate the role and potential mechanism of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）.MethodsReal time fluorogenic quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect ALKBH5 expression in normal esophageal epithelial cells （Het-1A） and ESCC cell lines （Eca109， KYSE30， KYSE150， KYSE410）. Transient cell lines with overexpression/knockdown of ALKBH5 （siRNA transfection was divided into si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group） and control cell lines were constructed. The effects of ALKBH5 on ESCC cell proliferation， migration and apoptosis were studied by MTT assay， cell scratch assay and cell apoptosis assay respectively. The differentially expressed gene was screened by the intersection of RNA sequencing （RNA-seq） and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing （MeRIP-seq） techniques， and the effect of ALKBH5 on the gene expression was detected by RT-qPCR.ResultsReal time fluorogenic quantitative PCR results showed that， the relative expression levels of ALKBH5 RNA in Het-1A， Eca109， KYSE30， KYSE150 and KYSE410 were 1.03±0.28， 0.46±0.02， 0.23±0.10， 0.04±0.02， 0.05±0.00， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=444.60，P<0.001）. Western blotting showed that， the relative expression levels of ALKBH5 protein in Het-1A， Eca109， KYSE30， KYSE150 and KYSE410 were 1.14±0.03， 0.88±0.04， 0.66±0.01， 0.69±0.01， 0.95±0.01， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=139.90，P<0.001）. MTT test showed that the absorbance （A） values of KYSE30 control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were 0.86±0.01 and 1.25±0.01 after 72 hours， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （t=46.93，P<0.001）. TheAvalues of KYSE150 control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were 1.00±0.03 and 1.43±0.02 after 72 hours， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （t=16.80，P<0.001）. TheAvalues of KYSE30 control group， si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were 0.98±0.01， 0.85±0.02 and 0.80±0.09 after 96 hours， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=72.97，P<0.001）. TheAvalues of KYSE30 control group were higher than those of si-ALKBH5-1 and si-ALKBH5-2 groups （bothP<0.001）. TheAvalues of KYSE410 control group， si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were 1.28±0.02， 1.15±0.02 and 1.08±0.05 after 72 hours， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=16.97，P=0.003）. TheAvalues in KYSE410 control group were higher than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group （P=0.020；P=0.003）. The cell scratch test showed that 48 hours after scratch， the migration rates of KYSE30 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were （27.39±0.54）% and （48.89±5.12）%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （t=5.90，P=0.004）. The migration rates of KYSE150 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were （39.67±0.43）% and （62.20±0.60）%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （t=43.15，P<0.001）. The migration rates of KYSE30 cells in control group， si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were （25.08±1.86）%， （18.75±1.59）% and （7.67±0.52）%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=74.28，P<0.001）. The migration rates of KYSE30 cells in control group were higher than those of si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group （P=0.010；P<0.001）. The migration rates of KYSE410 cells in control group and si-ALKBH5-1 group， si-ALKBH5-2 group were （38.70±0.41）%， （28.27±1.01）% and （19.40±0.47）%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=400.20，P<0.001）. The migration rates of KYSE410 cells in control group were higher than those of si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group （bothP<0.001）. Apoptosis test showed that the apoptosis rates of KYSE30 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were （9.59±0.88）% and （4.81±0.89）%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （t=6.23，P=0.006）. The apoptosis rates of KYSE150 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were （8.36±0.09）% and （6.42±0.19）%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （t=12.90，P<0.001）. The apoptosis rates of KYSE30 cells in control group， si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were （4.31±0.19）%， （5.72±0.30）% and （8.94±0.71）%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=53.46，P<0.001）. The apoptosis rates in KYSE30 cells in control group were lower than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group （P=0.049；P<0.001）. The apoptosis rates of KYSE410 control group， si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were （4.45±0.36）%， （5.40±0.11）% and （6.64±0.15）%， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=43.36，P<0.001）. The apoptosis rates in KYSE410 cells in control group were lower than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group （P=0.016；P<0.001）. The differentially expressed gene IGF2BP3 was screened by the intersection of RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq techniques， and the RT-qPCR results showed that， the relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE30 were 1.01±0.10 and 1.41±0.10 in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （t=4.06，P=0.015）. The relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE150 were 1.00±0.10 and 1.94±0.24 in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （t=5.08，P=0.007）. The relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE410 were 1.01±0.14， 0.67±0.04 and 0.41±0.04 in control group， si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group， respectively， with a statistically significant difference （F=24.36，P=0.001）. The relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE410 control group were higher than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group （P=0.017；P=0.001）.ConclusionsALKBH5 is underexpressed in ESCC cell lines， but the overexpression of ALKBH5 can promote the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells and inhibit cell apoptosis， which may be related to some negative feedback regulation mechanism. IGF2BP3 may be the downstream target of ALKBH5. Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

A predictive model for radiation esophagitis in esophageal cancer patients based on machine learning Gao Wei, Zhang Ling, Wu Tianlei, Hu Lili, Rong Feng Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (1): 31-37. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240806-00004 Abstract（ 162） HTML（ 17） PDF（pc）（1499KB）（ 73） Knowledge map Save ObjectiveTo construct a predictive model of ≥ grade 2 radiation esophagitis （RE） in patients with esophageal cancer during concurrent radiochemotherapy （CRT） based on machine learning （ML） algorithm.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 276 patients with esophageal cancer who had received CRT at Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2018 to January 2023. The occurrence of RE was evaluated according to grading criteria of RE developed by American Radiation Therapy Oncology Group， with ≥ grade 2 RE as the outcome event. After screening variables through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression， the dataset was re-established. The dataset was then divided into training set （n=193） and testing set （n=83） in a 7∶3 ratio and included in four ML models： random forest （RF）， decision tree （DT）， extreme gradient boosting （XGBoost）， and support vector machine （SVM）. In the models， data training and model optimization were conducted in the training set， and model performance was evaluated in the testing set using the receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve. The area under the curve （AUC）， accuracy， precision， sensitivity， and F1 score were calculated to assess the model. SHAP analysis was used to explain the optimal model.ResultsBy the end of follow-up， 91 cases （32.97%） of esophageal cancer patients had experienced ≥ grade 2 RE during CRT. There were statistically significant differences in tumor lesion length （Z=-5.53，P<0.001）， Karnofsky performance status （KPS） score （χ²=5.92，P=0.015）， the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group （ECOG） score （χ²=4.01，P=0.045）， hypertension （χ²=15.35，P<0.001）， diabetes （χ²=13.06，P<0.001）， white blood cell count （Z=-6.59，P<0.001）， neutrophil count （Z=-6.72，P<0.001）， and radiotherapy dose （χ²=9.81，P=0.002） between ≥ grade 2 RE occurrence group （n=91） and no occurrence group （n=185）. After LASSO regression screening， 7 characteristic variables were ultimately selected， which were tumor lesion length， ECOG score， KPS score， neutrophil count， hypertension， diabetes， and radiotherapy dose. ROC curve analysis showed that the XGBoost model had better predictive performance， with an AUC of 0.90， accuracy of 0.82， precision of 0.80， sensitivity of 0.73， and F1 score of 0.76. The AUC， accuracy， precision， sensitivity， and F1 score of RF model were 0.89， 0.78， 0.76， 0.48， and 0.59， respectively. The AUC， accuracy， precision， sensitivity， and F1 score of DT model were 0.72， 0.72， 0.44， 0.60， and 0.52， respectively. The AUC of SVM model was 0.74， with an accuracy of 0.82， precision of 0.52， sensitivity of 0.88， and F1 score of 0.65. The XGBoost model was explained using SHAP analysis， which indicated that the tumor lesion length， neutrophil count， hypertension， diabetes， and radiotherapy dose had a strong predictive ability for the occurrence of ≥ grade 2 RE during CRT in esophageal cancer patients.ConclusionsThe model established based on the XGBoost method has good predictive performance for the occurrence of ≥ grade 2 RE in esophageal cancer patients during CRT. Meanwhile， combined with SHAP analysis， it can provide an intuitive understanding of the impact of important features in the model on the outcome. Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Predictive value of a combined model for lymph node metastasis in NSCLC based on primary lesion radiomics from18F-FDG PET/CT Lai Ruihe, Teng Yue, Rong Jian, Sheng Dandan, Geng Yuzhi, Chen Jianxin, Jiang Chong, Ding Chongyang, Zhou Zhengyang Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (3): 144-151. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20241113-00022 Abstract（ 161） HTML（ 10） PDF（pc）（1817KB）（ 31） Knowledge map Save ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of a combined model based on primary lesion18F-fluorodeoxyglucose（18F-FDG） PET/CT radiomics for predicting lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 203 NSCLC patients who underwent pre-treatment PET/CT imaging at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from June 2013 to July 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to the training set（n=142） and the validation set（n=61） at a ratio of 7∶3. A predictive model was developed in the training set， and its predictive performance and clinical application value were assessed in both the training and validation sets. Traditional PET/CT parameters and PET/CT radiomics features of the primary lesion were obtained by 3D-slicer software. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO）， random forest， and extreme gradient boosting were performed to extract features. Support vector machine was used to construct a radiomics score（Radscore）. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to predict the influencing factors of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients and to establish models. Predictive performance of the models was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic（ROC） curves and clinical application value was assessed by calibration curves and decision curve analysis（DCA）.ResultsAmong 203 NSCLC patients， 116 had lymph node metastasis， with 64 cases in the training set and 52 cases in the validation set. Three complementary classical machine learning methods were used for feature screening， and finally 10 radiomics features were obtained. The optimal threshold for Radscore-PET was 0.43 and the optimal threshold for Radscore-CT was 0.39. Univariate analysis showed that， sex（OR=0.48， 95%CI：0.24-0.95，P=0.036）， tumor marker levels（OR=3.81， 95%CI：1.84-7.91，P<0.001）， long diameter of tumor（OR=2.56， 95%CI：1.27-5.16，P=0.009）， short diameter of tumor（OR=3.73， 95%CI：1.75-7.92，P=0.001）， vacuolar sign（OR=0.32， 95%CI：0.12-0.86，P=0.024）， ring-like metabolism（OR=3.67， 95%CI：1.33-10.13，P=0.012）， maximum standardized uptake value（SUVmax）（OR=6.57， 95%CI：3.03-14.25，P<0.001）， metabolic tumor volume（MTV）（OR=2.91， 95%CI：1.43-5.92，P=0.003）， total lesion glycolysis（TLG）（OR=4.23， 95%CI：2.08-8.59，P<0.001）， Radscore-PET（OR=21.93， 95%CI：9.04-53.20，P<0.001） and Radscore-CT（OR=13.72， 95%CI：6.12-30.76，P<0.001） were all influencing factors for predicting lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that， tumor marker levels（OR=2.55， 95%CI：1.11-5.90，P=0.028）， vacuolar sign（OR=0.26， 95%CI：0.08-0.83，P=0.023）， SUVmax（OR=5.94， 95%CI：1.99-17.75，P=0.001）， Radscore-PET（OR=25.51， 95%CI：5.92-110.22，P<0.001）， and Radscore-CT（OR=8.68， 95%CI：2.73-27.61，P<0.001） were independent influencing factors for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with NSCLC. Based on the above independent influencing factors， models were constructed：the traditional model（tumor marker levels， vacuolar sign， SUVmax）， the PET model（SUVmax， Radscore-PET）， the CT model（vacuolar sign， Radscore-CT）， and the combined model（tumor marker levels， vacuolar sign， SUVmax， Radscore-PET， Radscore-CT）. ROC curve analysis showed that， the area under curve（AUC） of the traditional， PET， CT， and combined models in the training set were 0.75（95%CI：0.67-0.82）， 0.90（95%CI：0.84-0.95）， 0.85（95%CI：0.78-0.90）， and 0.94（95%CI：0.88-0.97）， respectively. The predictive value of the combined model was higher than that of the traditional model（Z=5.01，P<0.001）， the PET model（Z=1.99，P=0.047）， and the CT model（Z=3.25，P=0.001）. In the validation set， the AUCs for the traditional model， PET model， CT model， and combined model were 0.65（95%CI：0.52-0.77）， 0.86（95%CI：0.74-0.93）， 0.85（95%CI：0.73-0.93）， and 0.90（95%CI：0.80-0.96）， respectively. The predictive value of the combined model was superior to that of the traditional model（Z=3.23，P=0.001）. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined model in the training set were 84.37% and 91.03%， while in the validation set， the sensitivity and specificity were 82.61% and 94.74%， respectively. Calibration curves showed a good agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities in both the training and validation sets. DCA showed that the combined models had good discriminative ability in both the training and validation sets.ConclusionsTumor marker levels， vacuolar sign， SUVmax， Radscore-PET， and Radscore-CT are all independent influencing factors for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with NSCLC. The combined model based on these factors demonstrates excellent predictive performance and clinical application value for predicting lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. Table and Figures|Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）

Select

Journal of International Oncology 2025, 52 (1): 1-2. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20240621-00001 Abstract（ 160） HTML（ 11） PDF（pc）（672KB）（ 100） Knowledge map Save Reference|Related Articles|Metrics|Comments（0）