The disease burden of esophageal cancer in China ranks first in the world， with significant regional differences in incidence. Sichuan province is facing a more complicated and severe situation， with a high incidence of esophageal cancer. Although first-line immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has been widely used clinically， but there is no unified standard and consensus on the treatment of disease progression after immune resistance. The treatment strategy of city-level hospitals is somewhat disordered. In light of this， the Esophageal Cancer Professional Committee of the Sichuan Anti-Cancer Association， in conjunction with multidisciplinary experts in the field of esophageal cancer research in Sichuan province， has developed this consensus. The consensus refers to domestic and foreign guidelines， consensus， and the latest evidence-based clinical evidence， combined with clinical practice experience， with the aim of providing scientific and standardized guidance for clinicians. It is hoped to further improve the treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and promote the advancement of esophageal cancer diagnosis and treatment in Sichuan province.