Immunotherapy has achieved relatively satisfactory results in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC），but not all patients can benefit from immunotherapy. Peripheral blood-based markers are easily accessible and can be monitored dynamically. Peripheral blood tumor cell-related markers （circulating tumor DNA，circulating tumor cells，peripheral blood tumor mutation load，exosomes，etc.），as well as immune and inflammatory markers （T-lymphocyte subpopulations，hematology-associated ratios，C-reactive protein，etc.） have demonstrated great potential in immunotherapy efficacy prediction，prognosis evaluation，and dynamic monitoring.