Tertiary lymphoid structures （TLSs） is important channel for tumor immune cell infiltration. The existence of tumor TLSs is not only related to the prognosis of patients， but also to the efficacy of a variety of anti-tumor therapies. To explore the function and immunomodulatory mechanism of TLSs and its potential value as a tumor prognostic biomarker in comprehensive anti-tumor therapy will provide new ideas for follow-up research.